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Text ↔ Binary

Convert text to binary, hex, octal, decimal and Base64 — or decode binary back to text instantly.

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Binary Output 0 bits
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Binary & Encoding Reference

What is Binary?

Binary (Base-2) uses only 0 and 1 to represent all data. Each digit is a "bit". 8 bits = 1 byte. For example, the letter 'A' is 65 in decimal, which is 01000001 in 8-bit binary. All modern computers process data in binary at the hardware level.

ASCII vs UTF-8

ASCII covers 128 characters (0–127) using 7 bits, sufficient for English text. UTF-8 is backward-compatible with ASCII for the first 128 values but can encode over 1 million Unicode characters using 1–4 bytes. It is the standard encoding for the modern web.

Hex & Octal

Hexadecimal (Base-16) uses 0–9 and A–F. Each hex digit represents exactly 4 bits (a nibble), so one byte is two hex digits. For example, 0x41 = 'A'. Octal (Base-8) uses 0–7, where each digit represents 3 bits. Octal was common in early computing for Unix file permissions.

Base64 Encoding

Base64 encodes binary data as text using 64 printable ASCII characters (A–Z, a–z, 0–9, +, /). It increases data size by ~33% but is safe to transmit in text-based protocols like email or JSON. It is widely used for embedding images in HTML/CSS and encoding credentials in HTTP headers.